Sunday, 1 March 2015

ACCOUNTING FROM INCOMLETE RECORDS - Journal entries

JOURNAL ENTRIES RELATED TO DEBTORS A/C, CREDITORS A/C, BILLS RECEIVABLES A/C AND BILLS PAYABLE A/C

1.       Credit Sales
Debtors A/c                                                Dr.
        To Sales A/c
                       
2.       Credit Purchases
Purchases A/c                                           Dr.
        To Creditors A/c

3.       Cash received from debtors/ collection from debtors.
Cash/Bank  A/c                                         Dr.
        To  Debtors A/c

4.       Paid to creditors/ Payment to creditors
Creditors A/c                                             Dr.
        To Cash/Bank A/c

5.       Discount allowed to debtors (generally this entry comes with “cash received from debtors”)
Discount A/c                                              Dr.
        To Debtors A/c

6.       Discount received from creditors. (generally this entry comes with “cash paid to creditors”)
Creditors A/c                                             Dr.
        To Discount A/c

7.       Bills Receivable drawn by seller on customer/debtor. (Bills receivable received)
Bills Receivable A/c                                 Dr.
        To Debtors A/c

8.       Bills Receivable Dishonored
Debtors A/c                                                                Dr.
        To Bills Receivable A/c

9.       Bills Payable Accepted by Creditors
Creditors A/c                                             Dr.
        To Bills Payable A/c

               
10.   Bills Payable Dishonored.
Bills Payable A/c                                       Dr.
        To Creditors A/c              

11.   Bills Receivable endorsed to creditors
Creditors A/c                                             Dr.
        To Bills Receivable A/c

12.   Bills endorsed to creditors, dishonored.
Debtors A/c                                                Dr.
        To Creditors A/c

13.   Sales return (known as return inward)(Goods returned by customers/debtors)
Sales return A/c                                        Dr.
        To Debtors A/c                 

14.   Purchase return (known as returns outward)(Goods returned to suppliers/creditors)
Creditors A/c                                             Dr.
        To Purchase return A/c

15.   Bad debts
 Bad debts A/c                                           Dr.
        To Debtors A/c



Basic rules

1.       Outstanding Expenses/ Income Receivable of Previous year must be excluded from current year’s Expenses paid or Income received.
2.       Prepaid Expenses/ Income received in Advance (pre-received income) of previous year must be included in current year’s Expenses Paid or Income received.
3.       Adjustments have two effects.
4.       Sequence of A/cs and statements
A.      Trading A/c for the year ended __________
B.      Profit & Loss A/c for the year ended ________
C.      Balance Sheet As on ____________
5.       Working notes
a.       Debtors A/c (to find credit sales/closing balance of debtors)
b.      Bills Receivable A/c (to find bills drawn on debtors/closing balance of B/R)
c.       Creditors A/c ( to find credit purchases/closing balance of creditors)
d.      Bills Payable A/c (to find bills accepted/closing balance of B/P)
Cash A/c (to find cash sales/cash purchases/closing balance of cash)