MANAGEMENT
DEFINITION
Mary parker follet stated “Management is the art of
getting things done through people.”
FEATURES
OF MANAGEMENT
The main features of management are as follows:
1. Management is a process:
Management is a process undertaken by managers to achieve objectives of
business. The management process involves:
·
Planning activities
·
Organizing resources
·
Directing employees, and
·
Controlling activities
The process of management is continuous in nature.
2.
Group
activity: Proper management requires team work. The combined
efforts of all the managers bring success to the organization.
3.
Involves
getting things done through people: management involves
getting things done through people in the organization. To get the work done ,
managers need to:
Lead
the subordinates,
Motivate
the subordinates,
Communicate
effectively.
4.
Result
oriented: management
places emphasis on results. The results can be in the form of : reduction in
wastages, optimum use of resources, motivate workforce, higher efficiency, etc
5.
An
art as well as science: In practice, Managing is an art,
but manager can work better by using the organized knowledge (science).
Therefore, management is both An art as well as science.
6.
Follows
established Principles: management follow well established principles
in managing their organization. The Principles are as follows: Division of
work, authority –responsibility balance, Discipline, etc
7.
Dynamic
in nature: management need to be creative and
innovative. The success and survival of the organization largely depends upon
innovation.
8.
All
pervasive: management is an activity that touches all aspects
of life. It is applicable not only to business organizations, but also to other
organizations such as educational institutions, charitable trusts and individual
activities.
9.
Intangible:
Management as process or activity is not directly visible. the real presence of
management can be felt by the results.
10. Adopts professional approach: now
–a- days, managers adopt a professional approach in getting the work done through
employees.
IMPORTANCE
OF MANAGEMENT
The
need and importance of management can be stated as follows:
1.
Innovation:
management
facilitates innovation in the organization. It is need to generate new ideas,
new product, new technology, etc. Innovation helps to gain competitive
advantages in today’s competitive business world.
2.
Corporate
image: management enables the organization to enhance
corporate image. A good corporate image creates confidence about the company in
the minds of customer, employees, shareholders, etc.
3.
Team
work: management develops team spirit in the organization.
It is the team work that brings success to the organization.
4.
Optimum
use of resources: management facilitates optimum use of
resources in the organization. It brings good results in the organization.
5.
Motivation:
management
facilitates motivation of the employees in the organization by providing
incentives. Motivated employees work with dedication and application.
6.
Customer
satisfaction: effective management facilitates improvement
in the quality and reduction in costs. Therefore customers get quality goods at
lower costs, thus customer satisfaction takes place.
7.
Reduction
in absenteeism: proper management facilitates reduction
of absenteeism in the organization. Absenteeism takes place when employees
remain absent without prior permission. Absenteeism creates several problems in
the organization.
8.
Reduction
in wastages: proper management ensures reduction of
wastages in the organization. Reduction of wastages generates higher productivity
in the organization.
9.
Higher
efficiency: management is required to generate
higher efficiency in the organization.
Efficiency is relation between returns and costs.
10. Better relation: management
enables better relations in the organization. Good relation generate team work,
and bring success to the organization.
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MANAGEMENT
V/S ADMINISTRATION
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MANGEMENT
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ADMINISTRATION
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1. Meaning:
Management involves getting things done from employees in order to achieve
the objectives.
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Administration
is concerned with framing plans and policies, rules and regulations so that
the work is done systematically.
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2. Functions:
the managers give more importance to directing and controlling of activities
of their subordinates.
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The
administration gives more importance to planning and organizing.
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3. Usage in organization:
the term ‘management’ is used for managerial functions in the business
organization.
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The
term ‘administration’ is used for managerial functions in non business or
government organization.
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4. Levels:
lower level management is more concerned with ‘management’ and less with
‘administration’.
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Top
level management is concerned more with ‘administration’ and less with
‘management’.
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5. Thinking/Doing:
management is concerned with doing (implementation) process.
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Administration
is concerned with thinking (planning) process.
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LEVELS
OF MANGEMENT
FUNCTIONS
OF LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT
1.
FUNCTIONS
OF TOP LEVEL MANAGEMENT:
a)
Mission
of statement: the top level management frames mission
statement of the organization. The mission statement gives a clear direction to
the activities of the organization.
b)
Plans
and policies: top management frames plans and policies
from long term point of view. The long term goals and objectives of the company
are set by the top level.
c)
Organizing
resources: the top level management make
arrangement of important physical, financial and other resources of the
company.
d)
Selection:
the
top level management has the responsibility of selecting departmental heads and
other executives.
e)
Direction:
the top management provides necessary direction to the middle level executives
to implement the plans.
f)
Control
of activities: the top management designs and develops
a system of monitoring, measurement and evaluation of performance.
g)
Motivation:
the
top management has the responsibility to train and motivate departmental heads
and executives in the organization.
h)
Reporting:
the top management reports to the board of directors regarding the performance
of the organization.
2.
FUNCTIONS
OF MIDDLE LEVEL MANAGEMENT
a)
Planning:
the
middle level management frames plans and policies for the departmental
activities. They get the plans approved by top management.
b)
Organizing
resources: the middle level management make
arrangement of important physical, financial and other resources for doing
departmental activities.
c)
Selection:
the
middle level management has the responsibility of selecting lower level
executives.
d)
Direction:
the middle level management provides necessary direction to the lower level executives
to do work efficiently.
e)
Control
of activities: the middle level management monitors
and evaluation of performance.
f)
Motivation:
the
middle management has the responsibility to train and motivate lower level
executives so that they perform effectively in the organization.
g)
Reporting:
the middle level management reports to the top level management regarding the
performance of the organization.
3.
FUNCTIONS
OF LOWER LEVEL MANAGEMENT
a)
Planning:
the
lower level management frames day to day plans in order to undertake day to day
activities.
b)
Organizing
resources: the lower level management make
arrangement of resources like raw materials, spare parts and tools etc.
c)
Direction:
the lower level management provides necessary direction to operating personnel and
labours.
d)
Control
of activities: the lower level management monitors and
controls the activities of the operating personnel so that targets are achieved
as per the plan.
e)
Motivation:
the
lower management motivates the operating personnel by providing necessary
incentives.
f) Reporting:
the lower level management reports to the middle level management regarding the
performance of the operating personnel.
